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As with the unit on Present Tenses, this unit opened my eyes to the many subtle (and understandably easily confused) differences between the four past tenses:
The Past Simple Tense is used to simply describe an event which was completed at a definite time in the past, and is formed by adding the ending \"ed\" or \"d\" to the base form of the (regular) verb (ex. \"He played chess.\").
The Past Continuous Tense is used for interrupted tasks in the past, gradually developing events in the past, and when describing an action that began before the stated time and presumably continued afterward. It is formed by placing the auxiliary verb \"to be\" after the subject and before the present participle (ex. \"She was skating home.\").
The Past Perfect Tense is used to clarify actions that occurred in the past before other events in the past. It is formed using the subject, \"had,\" and the past participle (ex. \"By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had already finished.\"). You can tell the movie's end came before our arrival to the cinema by the past perfect tense.
Finally, the Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to discuss longer actions in the past which had been continuing up to the past moment being brought up. We do not know, or are not concerned whether or not these events continued thereafter. It is formed using subject, \"had been,\" and the present participle of the verb (ex. \"Before going to sleep, they had been studying together for ten hours straight.\").
