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Conditionals Conditionals are if or when sentences. In a a conditional there are normally two clauses, the if clause and the main clause. zero conditional clause: if/when present tense Talks of facts First Conditional: if + present simple, will (will can be replaced by a modal verb) Talks of near certainties Second Conditional: if + past simple, would could might communicates an unreal present or future, it is unlikely to be true. Third Conditional: if + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle concerned a hypothetical past action, the hypothetical could not be satisfied so the consequence is not real. Mixed Conditionals: if + past perfect, would + base form e.g. If I had listened to him, I'd be in trouble now. Teaching ideas for conditionals include: split sentences, complete the conditional, chain conditionals, what a question, nuclear bunker role play, and what would happen if. Direct speech is what is actually said, but reported speech is repeating what was previously said. When changing direct speech questions into reported speech questions, the question word stays and the verb changes into the positive form. pronouns in reported speech can change depending on who is talking. Back shifting occurs when using reported speech Teaching ideas for reported and direct speech include: Intermediaries, reporting verbs, and media interviews.
