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There are the following conditional structures in English: 1) zero conditional - if/when + present tense, present tense - refers to actions and facts that are indisputable, 2) first conditional - if + present simple, will - refers to a real situation in the future that is possible in case of the satisfaction of the condition; 3) second conditional - if + past simple, would/could/might + base form - refers to hypothetical situation that is presently not true, 4) third conditional - if + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle - refers to a hypothetical past action and the hypothetical past result; 5) mixed conditional - if + past perfect, would + base form - refers to a hypothetical past action or state, and the hypothetical present result. We should remember that when we turn direct speech into reported speech there a number of changes took place: 1) in the question the question word remains but the form of the verb changes into the positive form, and the question mark omits; 2) tenses changes: present simple to past simple; present continuous to past continuous; present perfect to past perfect; present perfect continuous to past perfect continuous; past simple to past perfect; past continuous to past perfect continuous; will to would; past perfect to past perfect; past perfect continuous to past perfect continuous; 3) change of the pronouns; 4) change of time expressions.
