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Unit 13 is about phonology and pronunciation. It offers a deep presentation of the main concepts in this field and presents some useful techniques to introduce students to correct intonation, stress and, above all, pronunciation. The unit defines intonation as the pattern of voice in a sentence which can be rise/fall (normal sentence), fall/rise (surprise, questions or sometimes disagreement) and flat (kind of emotionless). On the contrary, the stress lies on the word where the upper or lower point in the intonation is and produces a larger emphasis. It is likely to completely change the understanding of a certain sentence and it allows to express a greater range of emotions using the same words. The most effective way to teach it is making it very mimic with a lot of slow exercise and simple situations where students can replicate intonation and stress expressing different emotions. In order to capture the right pronunciation of English words, students can use the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), which consists of a chart with the transcription of all the English sounds. It allows to re-write a word in the way it is pronounced. Finally, each of these sounds presents a different articulation and a manner of using it, whose combination creates the proper sound. A good use of diagrams, illustrations and teacher?s own slow moments are the correct way to teach students these concepts.
