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Unit 11 discusses the receptive skills of reading and listening. When using these methods in teaching, it is important for the instructor to understand the nature of the material as well as that of the students as well. Students within a class may have varying motives for wanting to learn English and therefore may approach new information in different ways, necessitating a varied approach when presenting. The chapter presents a variety of approaches to reading based on these motivations as well as personal experience and culture, being: predictive skills, scanning for specific information, quickly skimming an entire text, reading for complete detail and deducing meaning of a text through contextual cues. An effective instructor must always attempt to foresee potential problems students may encounter with any new material, and in the context of reading and listening this may mean pre-teaching tricky vocabulary before presenting new material to the class. He or she must also be aware of student interests and motivations when selecting types and subject matter of the present teaching materials. While it is not always possible to cater to personal interests, an instructor with an enthusiastic and encouraging attitude can help create interest for students. Finally, when selecting materials for study phases, one must be wary to choose those which promote and enforce learning and comprehension as opposed to merely checking.
