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This unit gives an overview of two themes : the conditional and the reported speech. As regards the conditional, such phrase is typically constructed with a condition (introduced by the conjunction if or when) and a cause. The tenses used help us to rank the conditional sentences in different categories as follows (zero, first, second, third and mixed form) We then get some examples of teaching ideas of how to introduce this grammar construction to a class and the typical mistakes students would do. As regards the reported speech or indirect speech, we get an overview of how this grammatical form is built : the question word remains, the verb is changed into a positive form, the question mark is omitted and the tense of the reported speech is the same as the that of the reporting verb. If there is no question word in the sentence that we want to report, the conjunction if or whether should be used. We get a table of the sequence of tenses that should be applied (there are exceptions to these rules when we report a fact that remains true in the present). Special attention must be given to personal pronouns as they must change depending on to whom the speech is reported. Time and expressions can also change. We then get some examples of teaching ideas of how to introduce this grammar construction to a class and the typical mistakes students would do (they are numerous due to the many changes that need to be done to build this form).
