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There are five types of conditional sentences which are zero conditional , first conditional , second conditional, third conditional and mixed conditional . We use zero conditional for action and facts that are irrefutable. The form of zero conditional is if present simple , present simple. First conditional is used for real situation for the future. The structure of the first conditional is if present simple, will. Second conditional is used for hypothetical situation. The form of second conditional is if past simple, would + base form. Third conditional is used for hypothetical past actions and past consequences. The form od third conditional is if past perfect, would /could / might have past participle. Mixed conditional is used for hypothetical past action and present consequence. The form of mixed conditional is if past perfect, would + base form. There are some techniques of teaching conditionals such as split sentences, complete the conditional ,chain conditionals ,asking questions, nuclear bunker role play. We turn direct sentence into reported sentence in the reporting speech. Basically, we back shift the tense. Also we changed the time phrases in the sentence too. As for teaching ideas of reported speech, one student says a sentence and the other students can report the sentence to the another student. Also we can use media interviews and reported verbs such as advised, suggested, warned, ordered, proclaimed and explained.
