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Unit 18 is the last unit of the course that examines grammar. This unit focuses on modals, passive voice, phrasal verbs and relative clauses. There are nine true modal auxiliary verbs. They are will, would, should, shall, might, may, must, can and could. These verbs add meaning to the main verbs in sentences. Modals verbs can be used to express different ideas when speaking or writing, such as ability, advice, obligation, possibility and permission. Modals verbs can invite confusion for foreign students since some modals can have more than one usage. For example, the modal \"can\" can be used to state ability, to ask permission or the make a request. Learning the proper usages and their tenses can pose of a degree of complexity for English learners. The unit also introduces the passive vs. active voice. The passive voice is used when we don't know or it's not important to know who performs the action in a sentence. Two word verbs such as, look out, can be complicated for English learners, because they must first have a clear understanding of what adverbs and prepositions are, which is in itself difficult. Relative clauses were also mentioned in this unit. They are divided into defining and non-defining clauses. Defining clauses are essential to the meaning of a sentence and non-defining clauses are not. Teachers will do well to teach the aforementioned grammar using a lot of creativity and planning to ease the confusion for learners of English.
