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Unit 18 discusses Modal and phrasal verbs, as well as, passive voice. There are 12 modal verbs. Each modal verb has different usages. Not all usages are used in the past tense form. For example, the auxiliary verb 'would' only occurs in the present and future tense when being used as a polite request. The auxiliary verb 'would' only occurs in the past tense when being used as a repeated past action. The passive voice is when the object of an active verb becomes the subject. It looks like the object and subject switch places and the active verb turns into a passive verb. The passive voice is most commonly used when the subject of the active verb is unknown, unnecessary, or we simply don't want to say. There are three different categories of clauses, the independent clause, the dependent clause and relative clauses. There are two types of relative clauses, defining and non-defining. The information given in a defining relative clause is essential and doesn't always use commas. The non-defining relative clause consists of nonessential information and can actually removed from the sentence without affecting the meaning. Commas are imperative when using a non-defining relative clause. Phrasal verbs consist of a verb with one or two particles. There are three types, intransitive, transitive separable and Transitive inseparable. Phrasal verbs are best learned as vocabulary and then use them naturally in class discussions periodically to give the students more exposure.
