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Unit 3 talks about theories, methods and techniques. There are nine methods and techniques cited and they are as follows: grammar-translation, audio-lingualism, PPP, task-based learning, communicative language teaching, community language learning, the silent way, suggestopaedia and the Lexical approach. As much as we would like to know which approach is the best, it was also mentioned that there is no clear and specific answer. Choosing and deciding would simply base on one's personality, culture of learners and their needs. It was also discussed in this unit one effective method where all conditions previously mentioned are applied. It's called the Engage, Study and Activate (ESA) method. This method allows the teacher a lot of flexibility in class. The first sequence, which is Engage, targets to get the students involved and interested in the lesson. This is the 'warmer' stage and this is where games, music and pictures are used. The Study stage comes next and this is where the learners will now focus on the target language and it usually starts with elicitation. After the learners cover the language point, we can make use of worksheets to review and check for errors. The last stage would be the Activate stage where the learners apply what they learn in different ways such as role-play, communication games, debates and story writing or telling. Therefore, having these three elements in the teacher's lesson gives the learners a balanced range of activities.
