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Unit 2 focuses on the parts of speech. We shall begin with the teaching of nouns. Nouns are names of people, places, animals, qualities, things etc. 1) Nouns A) Main types - Common - Proper - Compound - Abstract - Collective Plurals: Means more than one. Form by adding ?s?, ?es? and others change their forms completely e.g cats, boxes, teeth. - Countable nouns - Uncountable nouns 2) Adjectives: Used to describe a noun e.g The teacher is tall. - Comparisons (comparatives) e.g tall ? taller short ? shorter thin ? thinner - Comparisons (superlatives). Form:- Adjective +?es. e.g in our class, Pete is the tallest Also short adjectives change the final y into an i e.g easy ? easier some irregular comparative and superlative forms include; Adjective Comparative Superlative Bad Worse Worst Good Better Best 3) Articles: Types - Indefinite Articles e.g a and an for singular nouns - Some for plural nouns. Definite Article: ? The: used for both singular and plural. Do not use them before names of; - Countries - Cities - Streets - Lake - Mountains - Continents - Islands etc Zero Article: - e.g I don?t like pigs - people are strange - bananas are yellow. 4) Verbs: This is a doing word. E.g go, watch, play, eat etc. all verbs are either transitive or intransitive: i) Transitive: e.g a) Eat, cook, read, study b) Cut, repeat, make ii) Intransitive: e.g a) Go, fall, alive, depart b) Sleep, speak, promise, cry More examples depending on how they are used. Transitive intransitive - England lost the game England lost - I can?t eat this Let?s eat - We must leave the form here We?d like to leave. Infinitives: Examples - To go - To cry - To eat Verb forms: - Base form - Past simple - Past participle - Present participle Regular verbs: Base form Past simple Past participle Present participle Hope Hoped Hoped Hoping Stop Stopped Stopped Stopping Study Studied Studied studying Irregular verbs: Base form Past simple Past participle Present participle Be/ am/ is/ are Was/ were Been Being Beat Beat Beaten Beating Become Became Become Becoming Begin Began Begun Beginning Auxiliary verbs: Examples - John is having a shower at the momentt. - I have been to Italy twice - Do you smoke? Auxiliary forms Base form Present Past simple Past participle - Be Am/ is/ are Was/ were been - Do Do/ Does Did Done - Have Have/ has Had Had 5) Adverbs: Types - Manner - Place - Time - Degree - Frequency Other notable types - Comment / attitude - Linking - Viewpoint - Adding / limiting Where do adverbs go in a sentence? a. After the object of a transitive verb. e.g He ate his lunch quickly b. Immediately after an intransitive verb. e.g He drives quickly c. Between the subject and the verb - She always sleeps after lunch d. Where do multiples adverbs go in a sentence? - Place ? manner ? time. 6) Gerunds: It is the ing form of a verb used as a noun. We enjoy playing tenis. Sub verb object 7) Pronouns Types - Personal - Possessive - Reflexive - Relative 8) Prepositions / Conjunctions a) Prepositions - Usage - Main types b) Conjunctions What they do - Join words of the same class - Join clauses of sentences However, going through this unit, I have learnt the different types Parts of speech and their uses.
