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This unit focuses on conditionals and reported speech. Below are brief explanations of each. Conditionals; These are sentences containing ?if? (or similar expressions such as ?when?) which refer to past, present and future possibilities. Example; if I had the money, I would buy a new car. The five main conditionals are explained below. Zero Conditional; Form; (if/when + present tense, present tense. Usage; it refers to actions and facts that are irrefutable. Example; when you boil water, you get steam. First Conditional; Form; if + present simple, will (?will? can be replaced by a modal verbs such as might, can, should, must). Usage; this talks about a ?real? situation in the future that is possible, probable or even certain once the condition has been satistied. Example, if he studies hard, he will pass the exam. Second Conditional; Form; if+ past simple, would/could/might + base form. Usage; communicate a present or future ?unreal? hypothetical situation that is presently not true and/is unlikely ever to be true. Example; if I won the lottery, I would travel the world. Third Conditional. Form; if + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle. Usage; refers to a hypothetical past action (or non-action) and the hypothetical past consequence/result. Example; if I had practiced the piano, I would have been better. Mixed Conditional; Form; if+ past perfect, would + base form. Example; if I had listened to him,I would be in serious trouble now. This mix refers to a hypothetical past action or state, and the hypothetical present consequence. Reported Speech and Direct Speech. To change from direct speech to reported speech the verb forms changes as follows Present simple past simple. Present continuous past continuous Present perfect past perfect Present perfect continuous past perfect continuous Past simple past perfect Past continuous past perfect continuous Past perfect no change Past perfect continuous no change Will would Time changes Direct speech Reported Speech Today that day Now then Yesterday the day before -days ago --days before Last-- the previous-- Tomorrow the next day This that What I have personal learnt from this unit are the five conditionals that exist in English and also the differences between direct and reported speech.
