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I learned about modals such as can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, have got to, need to, needn?t, and ought to. Modals are used before other verbs to add meaning to the main verb. Modals express different ideas such as obligation, advice, or ability. Modal auxiliary can also be used to express deferring of formalities. In addition, I learned about the past forms of auxiliary verbs: The past form of ?may be? is ?may have been? , the past form of ?need to ? is ?needed to?, the past form of ?have to? is ?had to?, and not past form for ?have got to?. And the past form of ?would rather go? will be ?would rather have gone.? Further I learned about teaching ideas such as roleplay (like doctor-patient expressing advice), rules( for example hotel rules and obligations), and signs (like traffic signs, you mustn?t park here). This unit also taught me different types of voices in English such as active and passive voices. Both sentences (active and passive) have the same meaning but the object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb. I also learned that only transitive verbs (verbs followed by an object) are used in the passive. We can not use the intransitive verbs such as sleep or come in the passive. The form of passive verb ?be? + past participle. In the passive voice the tense is indicated by the auxiliary verb ?be? and in the active voice, the tense is shown by the main verb. Passive form of future continuous is ?will be being?+ past participle. Passive form of future perfect is ?will have been? + past participle. Passive form of ?going to? future is ?going to be? + past participle. The passive form is used when we it is not known, not important, or we don?t want to say, exactly who performs an action. Example: a car was stolen. It is not know who stole the car. Teaching ideas could be cutting up varied active/passive sentences and getting students to match them. Students write a general knowledge quiz using passive examples. I did learn also about clauses and relative clauses. I learned that clauses are a group of words containing a subject and a verb. We have Independent clauses( complete sentence), Dependent clauses(not a compete sentence, must be connected to independent clause), and Relative clauses (adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun). A relative clause describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. A relative clause: it is introduced by a relative pronoun: who, which, that , whose, whom, etc or there may be not relative pronoun. Types of relative clauses: Defining (without a comma/information essential) and non- Defining (with comma/information not essential to the meaning of the sentence). I also learned about phrasal verbs(multi-word verbs): they consist of a verb plus one or two particles: There are three basic types of phrasal verbs: type1 intransitive (can not be followed by a direct object) ?type 2 transitive separable (an object pronoun can only come between the verb and the particle, but an object noun can come between the verb and the particle: she took her on/ she took on Anna) ? type3 transitive inseparable (both phrasal object and object pronoun comes after the particle :have two particles: she got over operation/she got over it).
