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Conditional clauses and reported speech seem like they could easily become areas of confusion for students. As the text suggests, it is probably best to move slowly when teaching this to students, making sure they fully grasp one aspect before moving on to the next. For example, instead of teaching all of the conditional forms all at once, a teacher can introduce just one in a lesson and give the students plenty of practice with that one form. Once the students seem comfortable with that form, another can be introduced in the next lesson. Some activities can be introduced that focus on just one clause to practice these conditionals. For example, the students could give alternate versions of history, like, \"If the U.S. had never rebelled, it would still be a part of the United Kingdom\" (second conditional). Or they can predict the weather and the consequences it will have. \"If it snows tomorrow, I will stay home from school\" (first conditional). As for reported speech, the rules seem confusing at first, but it's generally a matter of switching to the past tense if the original is in the present tense. It's also important to keep the same time frame in mind. So, \"tomorrow\" will become \"the next day\" because if one is recounting a thirty year old event, that \"tomorrow\" was quite a long time ago! Again, the best approach with teaching reporting is to progress slowly and giving the students plenty of study and activate activities to solidify their knowledge.
