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This unit reviews the theories connected to teaching language to non-native speakers. It begins with an overview of methods that are used to teach students a second, or foreign language. These include traditional processes such as grammar translation, where students make connections between words in their original language (L1) and the language they are learning (L2), and more recent methods that aim to encourage students to be much more interactive in the classroom. It then focuses on the concept of Engage, Study, and Activate (ESA), which allows the use of all the methods discussed and provides greater flexibility for the teacher. The unit then reviews techniques and activities available to elicit responses from students, such as the use of objects, drawings, and follow-on questions. It also provides a Points to Bear in Mind section that discusses points to consider when using various elicitation techniques. The unit continues with a more detailed focus on ways to design a class that uses various combinations of ESA and activities designed for each component of it. The chapter concludes with information on the how and when of providing feedback, as well as an appendix that lists general guidance notes for lesson planning. There is a vast array of methods and techniques that can be used to design comprehensive and engaging lessons. There was a lot of information to digest to prepare for the test, but this unit can be used effectively as a reference for creating classes that avoid repetitiveness.
