Teach English in Tumen Zhen - Wuwei Shi

Present simple Form Affirmative: subject + base form [+s/es] Negative: subjects + aux. verb ?do? + not + base form Question: aux. verb ?do? + subject + base form I work. I don?t work. Do I work? He/she/it works. He/she/it doesn?t work. Does he/she/it work? How to form the third person singular ? Add s to the base form of the verb- sits ? Verbs ending in a consonant plus y, change the y to an i and add es- tries ? Verbs ending in o, s, z, x, ch, sh, add es- washes ? In the negative form, the auxiliary verb doesn?t has the s so the main verb doesn?t need s- She doesn?t work. Present Continuous/ Present Progressive This tense is made with the present simple tense of the auxiliary verb to be and the present participle (verb+ing- working) of the main verb. Form Affirmative: subject + auxiliary verb ?be? + verb+ing Negative: subject + aux. verb ?be? + not + verb+ing Question: aux verb ?be? + subject + verb+ing Regular Form I am learning. I am not learning. Am I learning? He/she/it is learning. He/she/it is not learning. Is he/she/it learning? Contracted Form I?m learning. I?m not learning. n/a He/she/it?s learning. He/she/it?s not learning. n/a *usages* 1. To talk about an action that is in progress at the time. (I?m watching tv) 2. Talk about a temporary action that is not necessarily in progress at the time of speaking. (I am reading a good book at the moment) 3. To emphasize very frequent actions. Often with always. (She is always biting her nails) 4. Background events in a present story. (So I?m standing there when a policeman comes in) 5. To describe developing situations. (It?s getting dark) 6. To refer to a regular action around a point of time. (He?s usually working at this time) Present Perfect Form I/you/we/they have or he/she/it has + past participle (with regular verbs, the past participle is the verb + ed -worked) Affirmative: I have walked. Negative: I haven?t walked. Question: Have I walked? Usages: 1. When we talk about unfinished actions/states that happened at an indefinite time. Refers to general experience without specific detail. a. I have eaten octopus. b. I haven?t written. 2. When we are thinking about completed past actions carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speaking. a. It has rained a lot today. (the rain has stopped but it?s still today) b. I have eaten eight cakes this afternoon. 3. When we talk about something which began in the past and is still true now, at the time of speaking. We don?t know if this is likely to continue or not. a. We have lived in Paris of five years. b. She has been a vegetarian since 1988. 4. When we describe past actions with present results. a. Can you help me? I?ve lost one of my contact lenses. (lost in the past and is still lost now) Contractions Since or for: ? We use since with point of time to really mean from. (They?ve been home since 8pm) ? We use for with periods of time. (we?ve lived here for 7 months) Gone or been (past participle): ? He?s gone means he?s still on his trip. ? He?s been means the trip is finished. Present Perfect Continuous: This tense relates past activities to the present. It implies that either the activity is likely to continue in the future, or that the activity was in progress for some length of time, or both. Form Affirmative: subject + aux. verb have + been + verb+ing (I have been dancing) Negative: subject + aux. verb have + not + been + verb+ing (I haven?t been dancing) Question: aux. varb ?have? + subject + been + verb+ing (Have I been dancing?) Uses: 1. To communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity, when we want to say how long it has continued. (I have been dieting for the last 20 years: *and am likely to continue doing so) 2. To describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present re