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120 UNIT 8 THE FUTURE TENSES the unit lists the seven most common tenses used. These include the future simple (I?ll pick you up later), the future continuous (I?ll be getting on the train at five p.m., the future perfect (I?ll have finished my exams by then), the future perfect continuous (He?ll have been driving for two hours before he reaches Paris). There are three of the seven that are most frequently used: Be going + infinitive (it?s going to rain later), the present simple (the train leaves the platform in ten minutes), the present continuous (I?ll be meeting her tomorrow). The present simple and the present continuous are present tenses which also have future applications. The unit breaks down the seven tenses with the affirmative, negative and interrogative aspects as well as contractions. In terms of the future simple, (I shall/will) it distinguishes between the use of the more formal shall and the more forceful will. Its usages include future facts and certainties (he?ll be here in March), Promises (I?ll put a cheque in the post), Predictions (it?ll rain before morning), assumptions, (that?ll be the bailiff at the door) spontaneous decisions (I?ll get my coat), threats (you?d better go or I?ll hit you). The future continuous form is will +have + past participle (I will have worked here for two years) The tense is used to say that something will have been done, completed or achieved by a certain time in the future The builder says he will have finished the car by Monday, The car will have done 10 000 miles In the case of future perfect we look back on the past (completed action) from a future standpoint. ?The past in the future? A sentence with the future perfect generally includes adverbial expressions to say when the future event will be completed By the end of summer, I will have completed the course At the end of the year I will have mastered this computer! Function The future perfect can be confused with future perfect continuous The difference between completed action in the future and how long something will take The future perfect continuous form will + HAVE + BEEN + verb + ing I will have been working for seven years USAGES We use the future perfect continuous to say how long something will have continued by a certain time in the future By the time you arrive, I?ll have been working for six hours A sentence with the future perfect continuous often uses adverbial expression that begins with BY By this time tomorrow, I will have been working for three hours By the time I get there Compare to future perfect tense ie I will have worked here for two years Which says something will have been done by a certain time in the future ----------------------------------------------- BE GOING + INFINITIVE (?GOING TO? FUTURE) I am going to play football next week Usages Intentions I?m not going to do it Predictions based on present evidence I think its going to rain later Plans (decisions made before speaking) I?m going to visit my family in April PRESENT SIMPLE Most common tense in English language The form subjects and base form patterns stays the same and we need conjugate the verb for he she it Affirmative ? subject + base form (s/es) Negative ? subject + aux verb (do+not) + base form I don?t work ? we don?t work You don?t work - you don?t work He/she doesn?t work ? they don?t work Question (aux.verb + subject + base form) Do I work? -- Do we work? USAGES TO SUGGEST A MORE FORMAL SITUATION Our new shop opens next month FOR TIMETABLES AND SCHEDULES The train to Stockholm leaves from platform 7 at 6 am We fly to Dublin on Sunday, then we go on to Paris on Monday TO SUGGEST A MORE IMPERSONAL TONE (implying an outside compulsion) They leave tomorrow for Paris We start filming tomorrow PRESENT CONTINUOUS actions happening at present moment Made of present simple tense of verb TO BE and the present participle (verb plus ?ing of the main verb) AFFIRMATIVE (subject+ aux.verb BE + verb + ing) NEGATIVE (subject + aux.verb BE + not + verb + ing) QUESTION (aux.verb ?be? + subject + verb + ing) USAGES For definite arrangements We?re taking our holiday in March I?m going for a drink later For decisions and plans without a time frame I?m leaving you
