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The unit covers the tense system. There are 12 tenses in the tense system. The 3 main tenses being past, present and future. Each main tense is made of 4 tenses. The unit?s main focus is the present tenses namely, simple present, present perfect, present continuous and present perfect continuous. Present Simple Affirmative: subject + base form [+s/es] I/you/we/they see He/she/it see Negative: subject + aux.verb ?do? + not + base form I/you/we/they do not (don?t) play He/she/it does not (doesn?t) play Question: aux/verb ?do? + subject + base form Do I/you/we/they see? Does he/she/it see? Usages of simple tenses: Habitual ? He runs every day. She cooks often. Facts ? The stars come out at night. The water is cold. Instructions/directions ? First you fold the paper then you cut it. Present stories ? So she jumps in the car and drives off. Activate activities: Use of questionaires to discuss habitual actions, e.g. do you play tennis? what sport do you play? When do you play tennis? Guess my profession. a student chooses a profession and the rest of the class has to guess asking questions? Do you wear a uniform? Do you teach? do you play sport? etc. Present Continuous Affirmative: subject + aux.verb 'be' + verb+ing I am running You/they/we are running He/she/it is running Negative: subject + aux.verb 'be' + not + verb+ing I am not running You/they/we are not running He/she/it is not running Question: aux.verb 'be'+ subject + verb+ing Am I running? Are you/they/we running? Is he/she/it is running? Note: most non action verbs are not used in the continuous forms and the base form is used instead. example, love, want, like, mean etc. Usages: To talk about something happening in the moment. Don't disturb him, he's reading. Temporary action that isn't happening in the moment. I am playing tennis this week. Habitual, frequent actions. He is always working. Developing situations. It is warming up. Actions around a specific time. He is normally studying at this time. Activate activities: Story narrating, use pictures for prompts. Charades, mime an action and have students guess. Spot the differences in different activity pics. Gap fill activity. Present Perfect relates the past to the present. Affirmative: subject + aux.verb 'have' + past participle. I/you/we/they have gone He/she/it has gone Negative: subject + aux.verb 'have' + not + past participle. I/you/we/they have not gone He/she/it has not gone Question: aux.verb 'have' + subject + past participle Have I/you/we/they gone? Has he/she/it gone? Usages: When talking about finished action with an indefinite time. Generally refers to experience. I have swam in the ocean. Past actions in an unfinished time frame. I have written a lot this morning. It has been very hot today. Talk about something that started in the past and is still true now. She has played paino since she was 7 years old. He has worked there for 10 years. Past actions with present results. She has hurt her knee so she can't play today. (she hurt her knee in the past and now she can't play) I've forgotten to buy bread and milk. Note: Regular past participle verbs end in 'ed'. Unfortuntely irregular verbs do have a set pattern therefore students will have to learn them from memory. Activate activities: Find someone who has done something recently. for example has sung a song, has played the guitar, has played soccer. report back what they have discovered about eachother. Job interview role play. What have you done today. Students mime what they have done, other students guess by asking questions. Have you cooked? Have you washed your hair? Have you swam? Change the room. Have the students leave and when they come back they need to ask what has happened. Have you moved the chairs? Have to cleaned the board? Present Perfect Continuous. Relates past activities to the present. Affirmative: subject + aux.verb 'have' + been + verb+ing I/you/we/they have been jumping He/she/it has been jumping Negative: subject + aux.verb 'have' + not + been + verb+ing I/you/we/they have not been flying He/she/it has not been flying Question: aux.verb 'have' + subject + been + verb+ing Have you/I/we/they been swimming? Has he/she/it been swimming? Usages: To talk about an ongoing activity. I have been swimming for a long time. I have been going to the spa for 5 years. I have been eating ice cream since I can remember. To describe a recently fininshed activity with a present result. I am dirty because I have been cleaning all day. note: common errors, usages of verbs that don't the continous form. Remember in present perfect continous emphasis is on the activitiy and not on the finished task. Activate stage ideas: Link the result to the activity. You're dirty - you have been painting. You're wet - you have been swimming. You're tired - you have been dancing. Group the students and have one tell the result and the other guess the activity. Have the students do a survey to see who has been doing what the longest.
