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Unit 16 explored conditionals and reported speech. Two very frequently used expressions and grammatical structures. Conditionals are sentences containing If or When which have two clauses. One is the If clause and the other and the other the main clause. The main clause is reliant on the If clause. The If clause must be satisfied for the main clause to be realized. There are five different kinds of conditionals. The zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, third conditional, and mixed conditional. The zero conditional is for expressing irrefutable facts while the first conditional expression something likely to happen in the future. Even less set in stone the second conditional is for expressing a hypothetical future and a third conditional is for a hypothetical that would have occurred in the past and lastly a mixed conditional is for linking a second conditional clause with a third conditional clause. Unit 16 also covered reported speech and direct speech. Direct speech is direct from the speaker about what the speaker wishes to say while reported speech is when one speaker is reporting what was said by another. When reporting we must take care to changing appropriate tenses as well as pronouns. A general backshifting also occurs in reporting. An example of this is that here becomes there and this becomes that. Time also changes when expressing reported speech, as time changes from the moment something was said to the moment it is beings reported. For example today becomes that day and yesterday becomes the day before.
