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Unit 16 covers conditionals, sentences containing ?if,? ?when,? or similar expressions which refer to past, present, and future possibilities. There are five main conditionals: the zero conditional (which refers to actions and facts that are irrefutable), the first conditional (which refers to a real situation in the future that is possible, probable, or certain once the condition is met), the second conditional (which refers to a present or future hypothetical situation that is presently not true and is unlikely to ever be true), the third conditional (which refers to a hypothetical past action or non-action and the hypothetical past consequence), and lastly the mixed conditional (which refers to a hypothetical past action or state and the hypothetical present consequence). The unit also includes suggestions for how to teach the conditional, and I particularly liked the split sentences and chain conditional exercises. They seemed simple enough for students to understand and for me as a teacher to execute; they also seem to encourage understanding in a creative and intuitive way. Next in Unit 16, I learned about the grammatical rules associated with reported speech (when one relays the message or information of another). The verb changes from direct to reported speech will be complicated to teach, and, as the unit suggests, I think the best approach is a slow and intuitive one. For teaching directed speech, I liked the suggestion to set up role-playing exercises as intermediaries/mediators in potential real-life situations.
