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This unit covered phonology (often used interchangeably with the term phonetics), which is, \"the study, science, analysis, and classification of the physical properties of sounds.\" Subjects such as stress, rhythm, and intonation, were covered in detail. The International Phonetic Alphabet and it's application were also a main focus of the unit. Intonation is the variation of volume and pitch in a sentence, which itself carries a specific meaning. Some of these meanings could be: agreeing/disagreeing, questioning, confirming, etc. This is in contrast to stress, which usually is more concerned with individual words rather than entire sentences. Some techniques for teaching intonation include: nonsense words (pure noises), gesture (maybe moving hands to show rising/lowering pitch, humming/singing (sentences), making marks on the board (to indicate intonation direction). The phonetic alphabet provides a description of sound and pronunciation. It makes it easier for both teacher and student to develop a working knowledge of the system. It's especially important to forget about the way the word is traditionally spelled and focus only on the sounds. Articulation was covered in detail in sections about: the speech organs, place of articulation (velar, palatal, palatal-alveolar, alveolar, dental, labio-dental, bilabiel, glottal), and manner of articulation (plosive, fricative, nasal, lateral, affricate, approximant). Finally, teaching techniques were discussed. These include: peer dictation, your own mouth, visuals, phonemes, and tongue twisters.
