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Unit 16 is devoted to Conditionals & the Reported Speech. 1. There are 5 main conditionals: 1) zero cond. (If/ when +pres. / pres.) for irrefutable actions and facts; 2) 1st cond. (if + pres.s. / will, may, might, can, should, must) for real sits in the future; 3) 2d cond. (if +past s. / would,could,might + base f) for unreal hypothetical sits unlikely ever to be true; 4) 3 cond. (if +past perf. / would, could, might + have+ V3) for hypothetical past actions & non-actions and hypothetical consequences & results; 5) mixed cond. (if +past perf. / would +base f.) for hypothetical past actions and states and hypothetical present consequences. Teaching ideas are as follows: split sentences, complete the sentences, chain conditionals, What a Question -game, Nuclear bunker role play, What would happen if...? 2. There are 2 types of speech: direct & reported (indirect) Backshifting resume is the following: 1) Pres.S. - Past S.; 2) Pres. Cont. - Past Cont; 3) Pres.Perf. -Past Perf; 4) Pres.Perf.cont. - Past Perf.Cont.; 5) Past S - Past Perf.; 6) Past cont.-Past Perf.Cont.; 7) will - would; 8) Past Perf.remains the same; 9) Past Perf.Cont.remains the same. Ponouns are to be taken into consideration when reporting. Time expressions are changed: today - that day; yesterday - the day befpre, the previous day; tomorrow - teh next day, the day after. Potential mistakes and errors are relating to many changes made with verb tenses, patterns, pronouns, questions, and time expressions. Teaching ideas include intermediaries, reporting verbs, and media interviews.
