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Unit four addresses and differentiates four forms of the present tense: simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. Where as the present simple form is used to express routines, habits, facts as well as in the use of the imperative, the present continuous can be used to express frequent actions as well as actions that are temporary in nature or that may be occurring or not at the moment. Another difference between the simple present and the present continuous is that the present simple uses one verb, whereas the continuous present uses two verbs; the first verb being ?to be? and the main verb in the present participle form (+in). When it comes to the present perfect, the reading indicates that this form addresses the past while using the present. One of the characteristics of the perfect present is that it uses the auxiliary verb ?to have? plus the main verb in its past participle form (+ed). However, the reading implies that careful considerations should be given in its use as there can be irregularities with conjugations when it comes to irregular verbs, (e.g. drive, drove, driven). The reading also indicates that the present perfect emphasizes more the action result, as opposed to the action/activity itself, which the latter is addressed by the present perfect continuous form. The present perfect continuous is similar to the present perfect in that it relates past actions to the present. However, it differs from the perfect present in that it can be used to express that the activity may continue in the future and/or that the activity was in progress for some length of time.
