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Learning Modes young learners vs AdultsLearners can be theoretically divided into two groups: young learners and adults. Young learners can be further divided into at least three categories: post-pubescent, prepubescent, and very young learners. Adults are generally defined as being individuals who are 18 years or older. Knowing how to teach different ages is key for a teacher because different methods will be required depending on the age of the student. Furthermore, the learning style of students can be dependent on their ages. For example, post-pubescent students are more likely to be self-conscious and unwilling to take risks or experiment with language. In contrast, prepubescent students are more receptive to the new sounds, words, and grammar of a foreign language. Students who are adults are also more likely to be more nervous about learning a new language and like post-pubescent students, adult learners can be highly self-conscious as well. Younger learners also possess an innate curiosity and a teacher who is aware of this can use it to their advantage in lessons. Teaching methods can also vary depending on the age of students. Adult learners will most likely have had some experience with the learning process. This means some adult learners may have their own preconceived notions on how teaching should be done. In contrast, while some younger learners may have had some experience with the learning process, they are, in general, unlikely to have such fixed views meaning they can have a tendency towards being open-minded to new learning experiences and methods. Furthermore, younger learners are more likely to learn english through context and usage whereas adults will often match english to their own native language. A teacher should be aware of this and can alter his or hers lessons accordingly. It might also be easier to build rapport with adult learners as they will have more life experiences to share. When teaching younger learners, a teacher should also have frequent changes of activities. Activities should also be varied and relate to the learners' own interests as younger learners have a tendency to become bored easily. The classroom itself should have a pleasant and welcoming environment. This can be achieved by having posters, cartoons, and artwork placed on the walls. It is also important to note that the same sentiment should be applied to adult learners. Furthermore, disciplinary issues are more likely to arise when teaching younger learners because they are more likely to have higher energy levels and shorter attention spans. Teaching methods for very young learners can also vary immensely from that of other younger learners and adults. As very young learners consist of children who are 7 years old or younger, teaching methods will mostly consist of fun games, singing, drawing, and other similar activities. When teaching younger learners, a teacher can also be expected to be prepared to make fun of themselves through mimes and gestures as it can lighten the classroom atmosphere and children enjoy seeing adults behaving in a silly way. Since younger learners, especially those who are very young and prepubescent, will be shorter than the teacher, he or she should be prepared to have to squat next to their tables or chairs as well as sit on the floor with them.
