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This unit discussed the passive voice and modal auxillary verbs, relative clauses and phrasal verbs. Modal auxillary verbs can convey a range of ideas, including possibility, advice, ability and obligation, as well as degrees of formality. These can be taught as part of a roleplay or perhaps as a discussion of rules in various contexts. The two voices in English and passive and active. Passive is formed with 'be + past participle' and is used when the agent is unknown, unimportant or when the focus of the sentence is on the object, which has become the subject. Only transitive verbs can be used in passive voice. Relative clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns, providing more information about the noun. There are defining relative clauses (where the information is essential) and non-defining relative clauses (where the information is not essential to the sentence meaning), and the latter requires the use of commas. Finally, phrasal verbs contain a verb and one or two particles (for example, an adverb or preposition). Some are separable and some are not. These phrasal verbs should be taught as vocabulary items because they have unique meanings.
