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This unit is a lot of interesting information and is delightfully focused on the different types of teaching methods. As it talks about 10 different kinds of methods from classical (grammar - translation) to the lexical approach and finally giving the ultimate method, a \"melting pot\" of all the methods mentioned, which is ESA by Jeremy Harmer. The ESA method (Engage-Study-Activate) is what makes teaching effective, in getting the students to speak. It is student centered and its phases are just the right approach to students. ENGAGE is when you get the students involved in the lesson and therefore presenting fun activities like flash cards, games, music, etc. to get them to speaking in English. STUDY is focused on language and it's construction. This is when the teacher elicits response from students by asking target questions, practice pronunciation drills and giving them fun and interesting worksheets. And finally, ACTIVATE is when students should use the language as freely as possible, when they can use all of the language they know and it focuses more on fluency than accuracy. Activate activities are usually role-playing and/or debate (for higher level students). The teacher should avoid correcting students during Activate stage and give students feedback to encourage self-awareness and improvement. There are different ways in applying ESA, and they don't necessarily have to follow the same order to avoid predictability. Lessons can be straight arrow, boomerang or patchwork. Teachers should avoid corrections and should encourage students to correct themselves or allow other students to correct (if circumstances allow) and that there is a difference between mistakes and errors.
