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The past tense refers to actions or states that occurred in past time periods and has four aspects just like the present tense. They are the past simple, past continuous, past perfect and past perfect continuous. You begin to see a pattern in the forms and usage. The past simple is formed by adding 'ed' or 'd' to the verb; it's used when a past time is given; the time isn't given but it's a past event; or it answers the question when. There are also irregular verbs that don't add 'ed/d' but completely change its form; like see and saw. A teaching activity such as matching cards with verbs in the present simple tense to verbs in the past simple tense could be used. The past continuous adds 'ing' to the end of the verb and is preceded by the past tense of the auxiliary verb 'to be', which is 'was' or 'were'. Was is used with the 1st and 3rd person singular. Past continuous refers to an uninterrupted past action; an action that began before that time and probably continued after; or used in descriptions. Use activities that ask the students 'What were you doing or where were you going?' Both the past perfect and past perfect continuous contain the auxiliary verb 'had'. The past perfect uses 'had' + the past participle. The past perfect continuous uses 'had' + been + the verb ending with 'ing'. The past perfect is used when an action is completely finished or the past is viewed from another past viewpoint. Often using the words after and when. You could use story telling activities told backwards; starting from the end and describe what happened before.The past perfect continuous refers to longer actions or situations in the past that had been going on continuously up to a particular past moment.
