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Each word in a sentence can be identified as serving a specific grammatical purpose; a part of speech. Parts of speech fall into categories such as nouns (people, places, things, ideas), adjectives (words used to describe a noun), and verbs (words describing an action) and a handful of others. Adverbs (words describing an action), prepositions (relating a word in a sentence to an object), and gerunds (the -ing form of a verb used as a noun in a sentence), and pronouns (a word used as a substitute for a noun or noun phrase) are also parts of speech. There are specific rules for how certain parts of speech are used and some, verbs for example, involve changing the ending of a word to denote tense. There are extensive exceptions to the basic rules for conjugating verbs in English that may be difficult for learners to memorize. Examples are a vital tool for learning and teaching the parts of speech but one must be careful to give correct and simple examples.
