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This unit focuses on general theories about learning and teaching languages, both native tongue (L1) and other languages (L2). Firstly, the four main learning and development theories are outlined and briefly explained: these are the maturation theory, the environmental theory, constructivism and other theories. Then the unit moves onto language acquisition and how learning L1 differs from learning L2. It is explained that in this course the young learner age band is further split into two sub-bands: the 5 to 9 years old group and the 9 to 13 years old group and different teaching methodologies are suggested for each. Further, the learning environment is taken into account: possible organisation of the classroom as well as teacher's position and role are considered. Particularly useful for future reference are the tables taken from the Council of Europe Language Portfolio, that summarise the type of language learners should be able to used based on their level for all the four skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing). Lastly, the unit considers the topic of 'maturation' and in which way it can affect the dynamics of the classroom as well as lesson planning.
