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Unit 16 present conditionals or expressions that contain conditions that must be satisfied before an action or state can occur. This action or state is expressed in the main clause and is the consequence satisfying the conditions. There are five main types of conditionals. First the zero conditional refers to actions and facts that are irrefutable and therefore 'if' and 'when' can be exchanged without changing the meaning of the expression. * zero conditional : form. if/when + present tense, present tense example. When you boil water you get steam. The first conditional refers to a real situation that is possible, probable or even certain once the condition has been satisfied. * first conditional : form. if + present simple, [will,may,might,can,should,must] example. If he studies hard, he will pass the exam. The second conditional presents a future hypothetical situation that is relatively unlikely. * second conditional : form. if + past perfect , [would,could,might] + base form example. If I had a time machine, I would go back to the dark ages. The third conditional refers to a hypothetical past action and its past (hypothetical) consequence. * third conditional : form. if + past perfect, [would,could,might] + have + past participle example. If I had practiced the piano I would have been better. The mixed conditional refers to a hypothetical past action and its present (hypothetical) consequence. * mixed conditional : form. if + past perfect, would + base form example. If I had listened to him, I would be in serious trouble now. The next part of the unit deals with reported speech. Usually the reported form is one tense previous to the direct form and future tenses are reported in conditional forms. The following table outlines use of reported speech for various tense forms. * present simple => \"I always drink coffee\
