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This unit about conditionals and reported speech. There are sentences containing 'if' ( or similar expressions such as 'when') which refer to past, present and future possibilities. There are two clauses, the 'if' clause and the main clause, and either can come in the first part of a conditional sentence. For example: if I had the money, I would buy a new car; I would buy a new car if I had the money. The 'if' clause contains the condition that has to be satisfied before the action or state in the main clause can be realized. We can also think of the main clause as expressing the consequence. In the above example, the condition of my having enough money has to be satisfied before I can buy a new car. My buying a new car is the consequence. The five main conditionals are as follows: Zero - First - Second - Third - Mixed conditionals. When we turn direct questions into reported (also known as indirect) speech, the following changes also take place : the question word (when, where, why, who, what, how, etc.) remains but the form of the verb changes into the positive form, the question mark being omitted in reported questions. The verb say changes into ask, enquire... etc, and the tense of the speech reported is the same as that of the reporting verb. For example: Roy's question was \"How are you feeling after last night, Ken?\" If somebody was reporting this, it would therefore become Roy asked how Ken was feeling. If there is no question word, if or whether must be used: \"Is anyone there?\" he asked, becomes He asked if/whether anyone was there. Note that there are never quotation marks in reported speech, as we are not quoting the exact words spoken. We should have noted a number of changes, when the reporter uses a reporting verb in the past, such as said, told,asked, etc. As a clue, check your changes with the guide on the following page: from Direct speech to Reported speech.
