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This unit focuses on pronunciation and phonology. Pronunciation is an important but sometimes neglected part of English language teaching, and applied phonetics is rarely taught at schools or even universities. As a result, most pronunciation teaching focuses on individual sounds, which is necessary, but is not the most important part of learning about pronunciation. An effective teacher views the teaching of pronunciation as a very important aspect of English training. Good pronunciation teaching gives excitement to English teaching because feelings and reactions of a personal nature are expressed, and pronunciation provides variety to the sometimes repetitive nature of language teaching. Phonology teaching covers three areas of importance: stress, rhythm and intonation. Intonation has three typical patterns: the rise/fall, the fall/rise and level or flat intonation. On the other hand, stress is the force with which a particular word is expressed and is the strong part of the sentence. The other important subject in this unit is an introduction to the International Phonetic Alphabet, which is a special selection of symbols which represent each of the sounds that make up the English language. The symbols are divided into voiced consonants, unvoiced consonants, vowels and dipthongs. Once students are familiar with the IPA, they should be able to pronounce any word in the English dictionary. This unit also explains the physical process by which the sounds of words are created. This important section identifies separate speech organs and areas of the mouth that produce the basic units of speech called phonemes, and this section provides diagrams explaining the physical location of where each sound or phoneme is created. Involved in the creation of these sounds are organs (the vocal cords, tongue, larynx, glottis) and areas of the mouth (alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate).
