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The unit discusses theories, methodologies, and techniques. The most common methodologies are grammar-translation, audio-lingualism, PPP (presentation practice & production), task-based learning, communicative language teaching, community language learning, the silent way, suggestopaedia, the lexical approach and ESA (engage, study & activate). They all have their own benefits and drawbacks, resulting in there being no best methodology, as their efficacy comes down to a number of factors. That said, the importance for the students to be exposed to the language as much as possible, coupled with encouraging them to explore the language themselves, while focussing on reducing levels of stress & anxiety among students results in ESA being particularly popular and effective. ESA has three different lesson structures; straight arrow, boomerang, and patchwork, which offer different benefits in varying scenarios. The unit lists numerous suggestions for possible activities for the three phases, along with recommendations on how best to provide feedback and corrections to the students. All of what was mentioned was completely new to me, so I learned a considerable amount from the unit.
