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Unit 13 covered pronunciation and phonology. This area of English is often ignored and teachers are often unqualified to teach it. Phonology is the study, science, analysis, and classification of the physical properties of sounds. The unit described intonation, which is the variant in volume and pitch in a whole sentence. This is what carries the message in the sentence. The normal pattern is rise then fall. The second most common intonation is fall than rise. There can also be intonation that is flat (doesn?t change). The unit also gave techniques for teaching intonation. Stress was also covered in this unit. Stress is concerned with individual words. There are two simple rules for stress: one word only has one stress and only syllables can be stressed. The unit gave some other rules as well. There can also be a lack of stress or unstressed. This section ended with techniques for teaching stress, sound joining, and linked speech. The unit described the phonetic alphabet, its uses, and gave a chart of the phonetic alphabet. The last part of the unit described articulation. It gave what organs are involved, places of articulation, the manner of articulation and techniques for pronunciation.
