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Unit 13 addressed the more complex topics of pronunciation and phonology. While complex, just like grammar there are rules that help in learning and teaching these important aspects of language. Phonology is the study, science, analysis and classification of physical properties of sounds. Three important aspects of pronunciation are stress, rhythm ad intonation. Unit thirteen also explained and defined the International Phonetic Alphabet and how useful and important it is. Intonation is the variation in volume and pitch in a whole sentence and is key to expressing feelings. Whether you rise at the end of a sentence to express surprise or fall at the end of a sentence to express the end of your statement intonation is what you are using to express yourself. With stress we look at particular words in a sentence. Most sentences have more words unstressed then stressed. A key thing to note is that typically only the vital information is stressed. Various syllables typically carry stress in a word depending on how many syllables they are, what they end in, and whether they are a verb, adjective, noun and so on. Natural speakers speak quickly and join sounds in a sentence. It's important for us to teach students about this and help them to practice speaking normally, this will increase listening comprehension and give them more confidence in their natural speaking abilities. Another key element to pronunciation and phonology is to look at the anatomy of sound making. Which physical properties of our mouths do we use for different sounds. There are three major areas in the mouth for sound production. They are the alveolar ridge, hard plate, and soft plate. Some of the major organs involved with sound production are the tongue, larynx, and glottis. Different sound can be categorized based on which areas of the mouth are involved and teaching these can help students understand their own sound production and that of others.
