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This unit explains present tenses. As there are 4 different times in each tense, the simple, continuous (or progressive), perfect and perfect continuous. I learned about the different usages and specifically when and how to use the 4 different simple tenses. Present simple is used when relating habitual or routine actions, facts, directions, commentaries, news headlines, present stories and historical sequence. Present continuous is used when we talk about actions in progress at the time of speaking, temporary action that's not necessarily in progress at the time of speaking, to emphasize frequent actions, background events in a present story, to describe developing situations and to refer to a regular action around a point of time. Present perfect is used when we talk about finished actions or states that happened at an indefinite time and refers to general experience without specific detail, completed past actions carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speaking, when we talk about something that began in the past and is still true now but we don't know if it's likely to continue or not and when we describe past actions with present results, while present perfect continuous is used to communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity and when we want to say how long it has continued and to describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present result. This unit also explains how the tenses or grammar points are formed, which includes grammatical construction and fundamental rules on how the grammar point is made; Typical student errors where it's said to be useful for a teacher to formulate correction strategies and examples in advance since some errors are predictable (I used unit 3's code on page 21 as a reference in correcting examples). And lastly, the activate stage teaching ideas which encourage the communicative use of tense or grammar point during this stage of the lesson.
