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This unit is about expressing the future. There are 7 ways in total. 4 of the 7 are similar to past and present tenses and following the same general principals. They are the simple future, the future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous tenses. The simple future is used for basic facts in the future, predictions and assumptions, promises, and spontaneous decisions. The future continuous describes an action that will be in progress at some time in the future. It can be used to describe something that may be happening in the present as well as future events that are fixed. The future perfect is used to describe something that will be completed by a certain time in the future. Hence this tense usually requires some sort of adverbial phrase. Lastly, the future perfect continuous talks about how long something will have happened by a certain time in the future. Similar to the future perfect, this usually is used with an adverbial phrase as well. The more surprising thing that I've learned while studying this chapter is that there are three additional ways we express the future. The present simple, the present continuous, and the going to form. The present simple is used to state time table facts. For example, the train leaves in 5 minutes. Or it can be used in formal situations. The present continuous is used to describe for definite decisions or plans without a time frame. Lastly, the going to form is used for intention and plans. Reviewing the future tense has definitely made be realize some of the pitfalls that students can encounter while studying the future. For example, the confusion between the going to future tense with the simple present continuous going to, and understanding the difference between future perfect and future perfect continuous. In general, I think this chapter helped me realized how difficult it would be for students to choose which of the 7 forms they would use to express the future.
