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The aspect of English teaching discussed in Unit 13 is my favourite as at my university we were taught phonology in tiny detail. I LOVED the subject ! Still do! Unfortunately, it's the most neglected aspect of ELT as foreign teachers don't have enough confidence to teach it methodically, whereas others lack of training to tackle this area...Thus, applied phonetics is rarely taught. I agree with the opinion that pronunciation should be an integral part of the course. Phonology is the science studying, analyzing, and classifying physical properties of sounds. In the Unit stress, rhythm, intonation, and the International Phonetic Alphabet were discussed. Intonation was given attention to (rise / fall for a normal pattern of a statement; fall / rise -for surprises, disagreement, etc.; level intonation - for no wish to participate). There are the following techniques for indicating and teaching intonation: nonsence words, gesture usage, humming & singing, using the board. Simple rules for stressing were clearly summarised (one, multi-syllable, and compound words were discussed). The teachniques for indicating and teaching stress include choral work, gesturing, board underlining. There are 4 major ways of joining sounds: linking, sound dropping, sound changing,and extra lettering. In the framework of the phonemic alphabet, speech organs and particular areas in the mouth were mentioned. Place of articulation (velar, palatal, palatal-alveolar, alveolar, dental, labio-dental, bilabial, glottal), manner of articulation (plosive, fricative, lateral, affricative, approximate), and teaching techniques for pronouncing of individual sounds were given (peer dictation, a teacher's mouth, visuals, phonemic symbols, tongue twisters). A teacher may devoted the whole lesson to the area, a slot of a lesson, or upon need and requirement. A teacher should be prepared to accept intelligibility instead of perfection... It's recommendable a teacher should be realistic in teaching.
