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There are four skills required to learn a language. They are receptive skills which includes reading and listening and productive skills which include speaking and writing. All the skills must be equally incorporated in the lessons. This unit focuses on the receptive skills. The reasons and motives for reading and listening are as follows: For a purpose: Reading and listening to achieve a particular goal For entertainment: Reading and listening for pleasure or enjoyment in some way There are a few times when reading and listening are done for both purposes. People employ a number of specialist skills while reading and listening based on their understanding and need: Predictive skills: Predicting the content of an article by a headline or introduction. Scanning: Listening or reading a particular information like looking for the result of a football match in a newspaper. Skimming: Reading or listening for a general summary of the content. Detailed information: Reading to understand the content in full detail in a concentrated manner. Deduction from context: Deducing the meaning of words or phrases from the context in which we hear and read them. There are many ways of approaching language difficulty. 1. Pre-teaching vocabulary: Teaching the unknown and difficult vocabulary and structures prior to commencing a reading or listening activity is useful to help students understand the content. 2. Careful selection of text: Authentic and non-authentic texts must be carefully selected to improve students? skills. 3. Topics: The teacher should create interest in the students and help them stay motivated by selecting topics which are of interest to the students. Different students like different topics so a variety of topics must be included to cater to the needs of all students. 4. Create interest: Students read and listen with enthusiasm even if they are not interested in a topic if he is motivated. 5. Tasks: The tasks should be realistically achievable. An important feature of receptive skills is comprehension tasks.
