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nit11. Unit 11 focuses on receptive skills- reading and listening. There are many reasons for reading and listening and these reasons and motives are divided into two extensive categories; for a purpose which is to help us achieve some particular aim or goal and for entertainment which is when we listen or read information because we find it pleasurable or enjoyable in some way. How we read and listen is equally of vital importance. Reading and listening are not simply matters for the eyes and ears but also a matter of using our minds to literally understand words and process them in our ?pre-existence knowledge? to gain true understanding. The understanding of the context in reading or listening depends on a number of specialist skills that readers and listeners use. Theses skills are; predictive skills, specific information- scanning, general idea-skinning, detailed information and deduction from context. In the teaching and learning of receptive skills, certain problems like the type of language contained in the text, the topic and the tasks students will perform often present themselves. However, these problems can be dealt with in a number of ways through; - Pre-teaching vocabulary where the teacher teaches learners difficult/unknown language and structures before beginning a reading or listening activity. - Topic of texts where the teacher chooses a topic/text or dialogue that is interesting enough to motivate the students. - Careful selection of the text. The listening and reading materials presented to the students should expose the students to a variety of authentic and non-authentic texts. - Create interest. The teacher should motivate and engage students in the task by discussing the topic, showing pictures, predicting what the text will be about and so on. - Task. The teacher should use realistic comprehension tasks that aid understanding. More importantly, the teacher should also incorporate both the engage and activate phases in the study which will naturally prompt them to participate fully.
