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There are many different teaching methodologies to choose from when teaching English as a second language, each with their own benefits and drawbacks. It's important to consider the unique needs of students when choosing a methodology which makes students comfortable, exposes them to language, encourages student communication, and allows them to discover the language for themselves. The key ingredient in any methodology is the teacher's ability to elicit participation from students. There are a variety of techniques a teacher can use to elicit participation, including asking students to describe images, compare objects, fill in the gaps of sentences, or create lists of items in a category. By using a variety of elicitation techniques, a teacher can keep their students engaged in the subject matter. In Engage-Study-Activate (ESA) lesson plans, most classes will begin with the teacher engaging students with games, music, pictures, and stories to familiarize students with the language topic of the day. The engagement phase can be followed by a study phase involving elicitation of participation and language drilling or a language exercise. The study phase is followed by an activate phase which can involve role-play, communication games, and other creative application of what was learned in the lesson. When giving feedback to students throughout this process, it is especially important to be positive and encouraging, giving students the opportunity to correct themselves and giving them the freedom to speak when participating in games or creative exercises. A teacher should distinguish between mistakes, which are accidental, and errors which are the result of incorrect understandings. The teacher should only correct when mistakes or errors are related to language points being taught, are repeated by students and risk becoming ingrained, or are serious obstacles to understanding material. Keeping all of the above in mind, a teacher should be able to properly engage students in learning and help make the most out of their time in class.
