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The unit describes Conditional sentences and reported speech. There are 5 kinds of conditional sentences: Zero, First, Second, Third and Mixed. 1.Zero Condition: If/When+ present simple+present simple. This is used to state facts. 2.First Condition: If+present simple+will. This is used for stating a possible future once the condition is met. 3.Second Condition : If+past simple+(would/might,could)+base form of verb. This is used to state an unreal/hypothetical situation which is unlikely to happen. 4. Third Condition : If+past perfect+(would/could/might)+have+past participle. This is used for making excuses or expressing regret. 5. Mixed Condition : If+past perfect+would+base form of verb. This is used for expressing a past hypothetical action with a hypothetical present result. The conditional sentences can be taught to students through various activities, such as, splitting the sentences into two, completing sentences, continuous dialogue using the conditions. When a third person conveys what has been told, it is called an indirect or a reported speech. The rules that needs to be remembered while converting a direct speech to a reported or indirect speech is that the tenses ,pronouns and time expressions are converted. Present simple changes to past simple, present continuous changes to past continuous, present perfect changes to past perfect, present perfect continuous changes to past perfect continuous,past simple changes to past perfect, past continuous changes to past perfect continuous, will will change to would. The Pat perfect and past perfect continuous remains the same. Similarly, today becomes that day, tomorrow becomes the following or the day after, yesterday becomes the previous day and so on. The Pronouns are changed in similar manner, I can become he,she and so on. The students can be taught the reporting speech by listening to other student and converting it in reported speech. A class activity can also be done where a student asks another student a question and tell the answer to the teacher in reported speech.
