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This unit discusses the different types of teaching methods: grammar-translation, lingualism, practice and presentation, task based learning, communicative language teaching, community language learning, the silent way, the lexical approach, suggestopedia, and ESA. According to the lesson, while all of the other methods can be used and are helpful, ESA has been proven to be the best approach because it utilizes aspects of all the other methods in order to get the students interested, learning the new language for the lesson, and applying the new knowledge through an activity. ESA stands for Engage, Study, and Activate. There are different methods one can use in teaching the ESA approach including the straight arrow method, boomerang method, and patchwork method. The straight arrow method is must suitable for young beginner students because it provides them with a structure they can get used to and comfortable with. The boomerang method is good for high level students, and is a good method for a teacher who can anticipate what the students will need to study after the first activity. The patchwork method seems to be the best approach, as it allows flexibility for the teacher depending on the students, unit material, and other factors. In the patchwork method, as long as you start with the engage step and end with the activate step, you can then add as many activate, engage, and study steps into the lesson as you want and put them in any order. The unit also addresses how the teacher should correct the students, starting with allowing the student to determine the mistake on their own, allowing other students to assist, or the teacher assisting the student. Allowing the student to self correct helps them learn but if they can't, helping them is fine and necessary. It talks about knowing when and how much to correct the student, and should be determined based on what the activity, the individual student, and/or the class level. In addition, the unit gives many examples and activity/game suggestions for each of the ESA steps.
