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Unit 12 focuses on the productive skills of writing and speaking. Tasks associated with speaking and writing can be broken into those focusing on accuracy and those focusing on fluency. Accuracy refers to controlled and correct understanding of language. While fluency tasks revolve around creativity and flow to gain more comfort and understanding. Both types of activities are equally important in comprehensive of new language. Accuracy tasks help solidify understanding new language while fluency tasks build confidence in using new language. Instructors must help create an encouraging environment in the classroom. It is necessary to be aware of potential issues that may cause students to be unwilling to vocally participate. These issues may range from lack of confidence, lack of interest, peers creating an hostile environment for experimentation, instructor failing to provide encouragement, previous negative classroom experiences, cultural misunderstandings or simply a lack of interest in the material. An effective teacher must be mindful of all of these potential problems and do his or her best to create a comfortable, nurturing classroom environment where the students' interest in learning outweighs their fear of making mistakes. Development of writing skills in a new language presents a different set of issues from those present in acquisition of speech skills. Complex and inconsistent English grammar rules may create difficulties for students whose native language functions in drastically varying ways such as using a different alphabet or greatly differing rules regarding punctuation and layout. An instructor should therefore be mindful of mistakes made due to these differences but at the same time not over-correct mistakes cause by them. Allow students to self and peer correct their own work as much as possible and especially do not interrupt a free flowing activity to correct errors. The unit goes on to provide example lessons in productive skills as well as providing a platform to incorporate common children's games into learning activities.
