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Unit 3 introduced and explained some of the most common or well-known teaching methodologies used by EFL teachers. The methodologies are: Grammar-translation; Audio-lingualism; Presentation, Practice and Production; Task-based learning; Communicative language teaching; Community language learning; The silent way; Suggestopaedia; The lexical approach. Each of these methodologies have pros and cons and can be used together in different situations when best suitable. For the most effective language learning students need motivation, exposure to the language, and opportunities to use the target language. This course focuses on the ESA (Engage, Study, and Activate) approach. In an ESA lesson, all components must be included. The lesson must also start with Engage and end with Activate, but it is otherwise a flexible and easy-to-adapt lesson plan. The ESA lesson plan can take on different structures (?Straight Arrow?, ?Boomerang?, or ?Patchwork?). The unit introduces the purpose of each component in ESA and provides example exercises and ideas to use in the classroom. Unit 3 explains the importance of giving feedback and correction techniques. It is important to find a balance in feedback, not over-correcting or under-correcting. In the Study component, where accuracy is more important, there should be slightly more focus on correction; however, in the Activate component, where fluency is encouraged, students should be able to focus more on using the language creatively and as much as possible than accuracy. Teacher-student correction should be the last resort, as it is better to elicit the answers from the students. As a guide to help teachers avoid over-correcting, it is good to focus on correcting when: the mistake is with the language point we are teaching; the mistake is being regularly repeated to a point where it may become ingrained; the mistake impedes understanding. When correcting errors, it is important to remember to not be discouraging; give students a chance to realize the mistake for themselves and praise good work.
