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Presentation, Practice and Production (PPP) ? Teachers present or introduce the new language first then the students practice using the language learned in a controlled manner. Afterwards, the students move on to the production stage wherein they can experiment with the language more freely. 2. Task-based Learning ? Students are given a task to accomplish or work on using the English language they already know. Emphasis is given on the task rather than the language. However, teachers can offer corrective feedback on the language if necessary. 3. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) ? This method gives emphasis on using the language in real-life situations and actively using the language as a whole instead of just focusing on grammar and vocabulary. It also means that communicating or interacting should be both the means and goal of learning a language. 4. Engage. Study, and Activate (ESA) ? As the term suggests, this method starts with the teacher engaging the students or arousing the interest of the students so they will get involved with the lesson. Then in the study stage, the students are focused on the learning or construction of the language and in the activate stage, the students are encouraged to use the language they know in a non-restrictive way. - I believe that the above-mentioned methods have influenced current TEFL practices because the focus of second language teaching nowadays is more student-centered. Gone are the days when teachers used to rule the classrooms and students are expected to just listen to the teacher and speak up when asked to. All the methods above, with the exception of PPP, have lesser teacher talk time than most traditional forms of teaching. In addition, many ESL teacher training institutes are now advocating more student-centered activities and opportunities to practice with the language and lesser teacher-centered lessons. ask 2 ? State five ?engage?, five ?study? and five ?activate? stage activities (also give the probable language level of the students):
