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This unit covered the basic rules of grammar by first explaining the different parts of speech. These are used to form basic sentences, which have rules for understanding and knowing which words go first and why. The basic form of a sentence consists of at least a subject and a verb. There are the main 8 parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, articles, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, and prepositions/conjunctions. Nouns have 5 main types: common, proper, compound, abstract and collective. There are also countable and uncountable nouns, and knowing the difference between a plural or singular noun changes the way the word is spelt. Adjectives are used to describe people and things, used in clusters or groups of 2 or 3, and also have a basic rule on which word goes first. Size > Age > Colour > Material > Noun. There are also comparatives and superlative adjectives. Articles have two types: definite and indefinite articles. The indefinite article used changes depending on whether the word begins with a consonant or a vowel, and also whether or not it has been modified by an adjective. Definite articles refers to a particular member of a group, and there are also specific rules for the geographical use of the article. Verbs are either transitive or intransitive, and sometimes their base forms are followed by infinitives. There are four main principal forms for verbs: base forms, past simple, past participle, and present participle. Lastly, auxiliary verbs help form a structure, and consist only of do, have and be. Adverbs have five main types: Manner, place, timer, degree and frequency. There are also other types like comment/attitude, linking, viewpoint, and adding/limiting. Gerunds are the -ing form of a verb used as a noun, and can sometimes be used with another verb or be followed by prepositions if an action is indicated. Pronouns have a few types: personal, possessive, reflexive, and relative. Next, prepositions show the relationship between a noun/pronoun and some other word in the sentence. The three main types are time/date, movement, and place/position. Finally, conjunctions join words or groups in a sentence.
