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This unit explains the complexity of teaching vocabulary, grammar and language functions (inviting, refusing, agreeing, disagreeing...) to students. Choosing the difficulty of vocabulary items taught depends on similarity of English to students? native language, similarity to English words students already know, spelling and pronunciation, and appropriacy. When a teacher selects which words to teach he/she should consider appropriacy to students and task at hand, how often will the students use the words and in which situations can they use it, and teachability (how easy are the words to teach). The goal of learning vocabulary is to teach students the meaning, use of the word, grammar, spelling, pronunciation, and interaction with other words in the sentence. Techniques for teaching vocabulary depends on the phase of the lesson. The teacher can use mime and pictures or for more advanced students discussion about a specific topic, to engage students. Example of activities for study phase could be word search and gap fill. To activate vocabulary the students have just learned activities like role-playing or story building can be used. While teaching grammatical structures the goal is for students to learn meaning of the language, how they can use it, its forms and patterns and its spoken or written form. Techniques for presenting and practicing grammar could be: to engage students we could use discussion about a topic of our choosing or any form of prompts or pictures. In study phase when the focus is more on learning and introducing new words teachers can choose activities like drilling , word orders and gap fills. In activate stage the teacher could try role-playing and discussion about certain topic and check if everyone understands what they learned in that lesson. In this unit I learned about all the different factors that a teacher should consider when teaching grammar and vocabulary. The teacher can choose the topic of a lesson and the type of ESA lesson he or she thinks would best suit level of language, words the students can use in everyday life, students? age and many more factors.
