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This unit began with an overview of the \"tense system\". English has 3 different times: past, present, and future. These times each have 4 aspects: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. That's a total of 12 total tenses. This unit then went on to cover the present tenses. These are Present Simple, Present Continuous (present progressive), Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Continuous. Form, usages, typical student errors, and \"activate stage\" teaching ideas were covered in detail for each of these tenses. The present simple tense is used to indicate that an action is present/now relative to the speaker/writer. It can be used for habitual/routine actions, facts, permanent situations, commentaries, directions/instructions, newspaper headlines, present stories, historical sequence, etc. The present continuous tense is made with the present simple tense of the auxiliary verb to be and the present participle (verb plus ing - working) of the main verb. It's used to discuss an action taking place at the time, a temporary action happening around the current time, to emphasize very frequent actions, present background events in a present story, to describe developing situations, or to refer to a regular action around a point in time. The present perfect tense relates the past to the present and although commonly used by a native speaker, presents some difficulties to the English language learner. It can be used to describe general experiences, completed past actions carried out in an unfinished period of time at the time of speaking/writing, something which began in the past and is still true now (although we don't know if it's likely to continue), or past actions with present results. The present perfect continuous tense relates past activities to the present. It implies that either the activity is likely to continue in the future, or that the activity was in progress for some length of time, or both. It is used to communicate an incomplete/ongoing activity when we want to say how long it has continued. Another use is to describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present result.
