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Language teaching involves approaches that lead to methods that are broken down into procedures and these are a collection of techniques. Understanding how these concepts interrelate can help a teacher know the reasons behind their choices. In language teaching, in particular in the general area of teaching methodology, we went through in approaches, methods, procedures, and techniques. Approaches An approach is a theory about language learning or even a philosophy of how people learn in general. They can be psychologically focused such as behaviourism or cognitivism. Some philosophies encouraged the development of the mind in the way of a muscle. Train the brain and a person would be able to do many different things. These philosophies have impacted some methods of language teaching. Method A method is an application of an approach in the context of language teaching. An example of a method is the grammar-translation method. This method employs the memorization of various grammar rules and the translation of second language material to the students native language. Students were able to develop the intellectual capacity to understand the new language through a deductive process of acquiring the rules of the language. Procedures Procedures are the step-by-step measures to execute a method. Common procedures for the grammar-translation method includes the following: the class reads a text written in the second language. Student translate the passage from the second language to their mother tongue. Student translate new words from the second language to their mother tongue. Student are given a grammar rule and derived from the example they apply the rule by using the new words. Student memorize the vocabulary of the second language. Student memorize grammar rules. Errors made by the student are corrected by providing the right answers. This is the process (with variation) that is used when employing the grammar-translation method. Techniques A technique is a single activity that comes from a procedure. Any one of the steps of the procedure list above qualifies as a technique. Naturally, various methods employ various techniques.
